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Effects of human-machine integration on the construction of identity

機(jī)譯：人機(jī)整合對(duì)身份認(rèn)同建構(gòu)的影響

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Recent developments in social robotics, intelligent prosthetics, brain-computer interfaces, and implants pose new questions as to the effects of technology on identity, society, and the future of humankind. The authors’ standpoint is that such effects cannot be studied separately from their social/cultural context, and thus, this chapter begins by reviewing the existing approaches to the social construction of reality, placing special emphasis on language and its limitations to describe the future. Then, it focuses on the body as the place where the human-machine integration occurs, and describes four levels at which the notion of cyborg has been analyzed in anthropological studies: symbolic, physical, as a permeable layer between nature and culture, and as an intermediate step towards a higher-order existence. The chapter ends up with a word of caution in relation to technological determinism stemming from STS (Science and Technology Studies), as well as the need to establish Relevant Social Groups (RSG) with well-founded criteria that join scientific and sociological academics under a multidisciplinary approach.
機(jī)譯：社會(huì)機(jī)器人，智能假體，腦機(jī)接口和植入物的最新發(fā)展提出了有關(guān)技術(shù)對(duì)身份，社會(huì)和人類未來的影響的新問題。作者的觀點(diǎn)是，不能從其社會(huì)/文化背景出發(fā)單獨(dú)研究這種影響，因此，本章從回顧現(xiàn)實(shí)的社會(huì)建構(gòu)的現(xiàn)有方法開始，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)語言及其描述未來的局限性。然后，它以人體作為發(fā)生人機(jī)整合的場(chǎng)所為重點(diǎn)，并描述了人類學(xué)研究中對(duì)機(jī)器人的概念進(jìn)行分析的四個(gè)層次：象征性，物理性，自然與文化之間的可滲透層以及邁向更高階存在的中間步驟。本章最后對(duì)有關(guān)源自STS（科學(xué)技術(shù)研究）的技術(shù)決定論，以及建立具有相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的相關(guān)社會(huì)團(tuán)體（RSG）的必要性提出警告，這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將科學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)學(xué)者納入多學(xué)科的方法。

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